𝟔. 𝐌𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐮𝐦 (𝐈) (𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐧𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧) 🫁🫀1️⃣ المنصف)

"𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗼 𝗲𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝘀𝘂𝗯𝗱𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝘂𝗺 (𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝗖𝗤, 𝗽𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀)."

𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 (𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐬)💡الفصول (الطوابع الزمنية)
00:00 - Intro (مقدمة)
00:21 - Content (المحتوى)
01:21- Subdivisions
04:25 - Superior mediastinum
12:13 - PQ
12:42 - MCQ
13:14 - Anterior mediastinum
15:19 - Middle mediastinum
18:55 - MCQ
19:47 - Posterior mediastinum
22:55 - Practical question

𝐀𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬: 🔑👇
1. Are 𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙧𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙘 𝙞𝙣𝙡𝙚𝙩 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙤𝙪𝙩𝙡𝙚𝙩 𝙨𝙮𝙣𝙙𝙧𝙤𝙢𝙚 the same?
Answer: The superior thoracic aperture, also known as the thoracic inlet, refers to the opening at the top of the thoracic cavity. It is also clinically referred to as the thoracic outlet, in the case of thoracic outlet syndrome

2. What is 𝓣𝓱𝓸𝓻𝓪𝓬𝓲𝓬 𝓞𝓾𝓽𝓵𝓮𝓽 𝓢𝔂𝓷𝓭𝓻𝓸𝓶𝓮 (𝓣𝓞𝓢)?
-- It refers to a group of manifestations where pressure is exerted on blood vessels or nerves in the area between the neck and the shoulder. This space, known as the thoracic outlet, can become compressed, leading to various symptoms.

3. What is a 𝙘𝙚𝙧𝙫𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙧𝙞𝙗?
-- It is also known as a "neck rib" or "supernumerary rib in the cervical region," which is a congenital overdevelopment of the transverse process of a cervical spine vertebra.
-- Cervical ribs occur in approximately 0.5 to 1% of the population.
-- They are commonly attached to the seventh cervical vertebra.
-- It can lead to thoracic outlet syndrome.

4. The thymus gland is in the chest between the lungs.
-- It makes white blood cells (T lymphocytes) that are part of the immune system and help fight infection.
-- The thymus gland is in the chest, between the lungs, and behind the breastbone or sternum. It is just in front of and above the heart.

𝐌𝐂𝐐: 💪
1. Which of the following nerves is related posteriorly to the arch of the aorta?
A. Lt. vagus
B. Lt. recurrent laryngeal
C. Superficial cardiac plexus
D. Lt. phrenic

2. Which of the following crosses in front of the branches of the arch of the aorta?
A. Thymus gland
B. Sternohyoid muscle
C. Lt. brachiocephalic vein
D. Lt. subclavian vein

3. The bifurcation of the trachea occurs at which mediastinum?
A. Superior
B. Anterior
C. Middle
D. Posterior

4. Which structures are related anteriorly to the descending aorta?
A. Azygos vein
B. Thoracic duct
C. Oesophagus
D. Anterior longitudinal ligament

5. The descending aorta terminates at which of the following levels?
A. T. 4
B. T. 8
C. T. 10
D. T. 12

6. Which of the following veins is formed from the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins?
A. Innominate
B. SVC
C. Azygos
D. IVC

7. Where does the azygos vein terminate?
A. SVC
B. IVC
C. Innominate
D. Posterior intercostal

8. Which of the following veins joins the SVC?
A. Superior hemiazygos
B. Inferior hemiazygos
C. Arch of the azygos
D. Right 1st posterior intercostal

9. Ligamentum arteriosum connects the left pulmonary artery with which of the following arteries?
A. Left common carotid
B. Aortic arch
C. Brachiochephalic
D. Left subclavian

10. The IVC is one of the contents of which part of the mediastinum?
A. Superior
B. Middle
C. Anterior
D. Posterior

11. Azygos vein is formed from which of the following veins?
A. SVC
B. IVC
C. Innominate
D. Accessory hemiazygos

12. Where is the level of termination of the brachiocephalic trunk?
A. Upper border of the Rt. sternoclavicular joint
B. Upper border of the Lt. sternoclavicular joint
C. Behind the center of the sternum
D. Lower border of the Lt. sternoclavicular joint

😂💞 🤣 𝓦𝓪𝓲𝓽𝓲𝓷𝓰 𝓕𝓸𝓻 𝓨𝓸𝓾𝓻 𝓐𝓷𝓼𝔀𝓮𝓻 😂💞 🤣

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐌𝐂𝐐𝐬: 👇😀
𝟭. 𝗕
𝟮. 𝗖
𝟯. 𝗔
𝟰. 𝗖
𝟱. 𝗗
𝟲. 𝗔
𝟳. 𝗔
𝟴. 𝗖
𝟵. 𝗕
𝟭𝟬. 𝗕
𝟭𝟭. 𝗕
𝟭𝟮. 𝗔

𝐌𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 👉👈
𝑺𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑨𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒎𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝒊𝒕𝒆
... A. Arch of the aorta 1. Superior mediastinum
... B. Azygos vein 2. Middle mediastinum
... C. Thymus 3. Anterior mediastinum
... D. Descending thoracic aorta 4. Posterior mediastinum
... E. Main bronchi 5. None of the above
... F. Deep cardiac plexus

😂💞 🤣 𝓦𝓪𝓲𝓽𝓲𝓷𝓰 𝓕𝓸𝓻 𝓨𝓸𝓾𝓻 𝓐𝓷𝓼𝔀𝓮𝓻 😂💞 🤣

𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭: 📢
📌𝐄𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐥: [email protected]
📌𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭:   / drayman.khanfour  
📌𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐩:   / 314015989895733  
📌𝐓𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐥: https://t.me/+k-LcyYc-0WsyNDg0
📌𝐓𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦 𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐩: https://t.me/+S-dZx8Sf-LBiOWE0
📌𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:   / dr_aymn  
📌𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐓𝐮𝐛𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐥 𝐰𝐞𝐛𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐤:    / @dr.ayman_khanfour  
📞𝐌𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐞 (𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭𝐬𝐀𝐩𝐩): +20 1223815866

𝐇𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐭𝐚𝐠: 🔍
#mediastinum
#greeat_vessels_nerves
#thoracic_cavity