𝟏. 𝐇𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭 (𝐈) (𝐄𝐱𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐟𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 & 𝐒𝐮𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐲) 🫀❤️️ 1️⃣ (السمات الخارجية والتشريح السطحي للقلب)

"𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗼 𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝘅𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗲𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘁, 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗲, 𝗮𝗽𝗲𝘅, 𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲, 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗳𝗮𝗰𝗲𝘀, 𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝗼𝘃𝗲𝘀, 𝗶𝗻 𝗮𝗱𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗳𝗮𝗰𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗺𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝘃𝗮𝗹𝘃𝗲𝘀."

𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 (𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐬)💡الفصول (الطوابع الزمنية)
00:00 - Intro (مقدمة)
00:21 - Content (المحتوى)
01:37 - Parts of the heart
03:30 - Blood circulation of the heart
05:42 - Apex and base
08:36 - Surfaces
08:42 - Sternocostal surface
10:25 - Practical questions
11:42 - Diaphragmatic surface
12:49 - Practical questions
15:14 - Borders
17:01 - MCQ
17:35 - Grooves
22:17 - MCQ
22:57 - Surface anatomy
29:43 - MCQ

𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬: 👌
-- Try to draw yourself the heart's surfaces, borders, and surface anatomy. 😂
-- Always remember that the site of auscultation of each valve DOES NOT correspond to its anatomical site.
-- There are 4 main areas of auscultation: ®4️⃣®
1) The 5th Lt. intercostal space medial to the midclavicular line (apex): Mitral valve area(M).
2) The 4th + 5th intercostal spaces near the lower sternal border: Tricuspid valve area (T).
3) The 2nd Lt. intercostal space near the upper sternal border: Pulmonary valve area (P).
4) The 2nd Rt. intercostal space near the upper sternal border: Aortic valve area (A).

𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐞𝐬: 🔊🎵📢🎶🎼
1. The apex is formed by the 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 𝒗𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒍𝒆 while the base is formed by the𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒖𝒎 (so the 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 𝒔𝒊𝒅𝒆 of the heart forms the apex and base) 🫀

2. The four heart chambers share in the formation of the sternocostal surface.
(The main share is by the right ventricle, and the least share is by the left atrium)

3. “𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝘀𝘂𝗹𝗰𝘂𝘀” = "𝗔𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝗼𝘃𝗲".

4. The “𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙪𝙨” is a large vein that collects most (but NOT all) venous drainage of the heart.

5. The “𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙤𝙣𝙖𝙧𝙮 𝙨𝙞𝙣𝙪𝙨” can be seen at the “base” as it lies between the back of the left atrium and the back of the left ventricle.

6. The “𝙘𝙖𝙧𝙙𝙞𝙖𝙘 𝙘𝙧𝙪𝙭”
-- It lies on the 𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘳𝘢𝘨𝘮𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘤 𝘴𝘶𝘳𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘦 of the heart.
-- It is the point of meeting:
a. Posterior interventricular groove
b. Coronary sulcus

𝐈𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐲 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭: 🤏
-- The ​𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 𝒇𝒊𝒇𝒕𝒉 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆, 3 ½ 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔 (9 𝒄𝒎) from the midline.
-- This point is the surface anatomy of the following anatomical structures:
𝟭. 𝗔𝗽𝗲𝘅 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘁.
𝟮. 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗱𝘂𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗰𝗵.
𝟯. 𝗧𝗶𝗽 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗲𝗳𝘁 𝗹𝗼𝗯𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿.

𝐌𝐂𝐐: 💪🦾
1. Which vessel opens directly into the right atrium?
A. Inferior vena cava
B. Pulmonary trunk
C. Superior vena cava
D. Coronary sinus

2. Which artery gives a branch to the sinoatrial (S-A) node?
A. Left coronary artery
B. Circumflex artery
C. Right coronary artery
D. Posterior descending artery

3. The bare area of the heart corresponds to which of the following sites close to the sternum?
A. Right atrium
B. Left 1st and 2nd intercostal space
C. Right 2nd and 3rd intercostal space
D. Left 3rd and 4th intercostal space
E. Left 4th and 5th intercostal space

4. An aneurysm (marked dilation) of the descending thoracic aorta would most likely affect which part of the heart directly?
A. Left ventricle
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Right atrium
E. Left auricle

5. A patient involved in an automobile accident presents with a sharp object puncture of the middle of the sternum at about the level of the 4th or 5th costal cartilage. If the object also penetrated the pericardium and heart wall, which heart chamber would most likely be damaged?
A. Left atrium
B. Left ventricle
C. Right atrium
D. Right ventricle

6. Which of the following chambers is the main chamber forming the base of the heart? o
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle

7. What is the main chamber that forms the diaphragmatic surface of the heart?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle

9. Which heart chamber forms the right border of the heart?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle

😂💞 🤣 𝓦𝓪𝓲𝓽𝓲𝓷𝓰 𝓕𝓸𝓻 𝓨𝓸𝓾𝓻 𝓐𝓷𝓼𝔀𝓮𝓻 😂💞 🤣

𝐀𝐧𝐬𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐌𝐂𝐐𝐬: 👇😀
𝟭. 𝗔
𝟮. 𝗖
𝟯. 𝗘
𝟰. 𝗖
𝟱. 𝗗
𝟲. 𝗕
𝟳. 𝗗
𝟴. 𝗔

𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐜𝐭: 📢
📌𝐄𝐦𝐚𝐢𝐥: [email protected]
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𝐇𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐭𝐚𝐠: 🔍
#apex_and_base_of_the_heart
#surfaces_of_the_heart
#borders_of_the_heart
#grooves_of_the_heart
#surface_anatomy_of_the_heart