86: GLP-1 Medications Explained - Benefits, Risks, What You Need to Know with Dr. Ben Bikman

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Dr. Bikman’s Metabolic Classroom lecture this week explores the physiological role and implications of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and the GLP-1 receptor agonist drugs used for type 2 diabetes management and weight loss.

Ben begins by explaining GLP-1 as a hormone produced in the intestines in response to food. It plays a vital role in slowing gastric emptying, suppressing glucagon, and regulating appetite by signaling fullness to the brain. These mechanisms contribute to its effects on stabilizing blood sugar and enhancing insulin sensitivity.

He then delves into GLP-1 receptor agonists, drugs that mimic GLP-1’s actions, including semaglutide, liraglutide, and others marketed under brand names like Ozempic and Wegovy. These medications have gained fame for their weight loss efficacy, often leading to reductions in body weight by 15% or more.

However, Ben emphasizes that weight loss involves not only fat but also lean mass, raising concerns about muscle loss and metabolic health. Additionally, he discusses the medications’ side effects, including depression, anhedonia, and potential long-term complications like fat cell development and gallstones.

The lecture also addresses the diminishing returns of these drugs over time, noting that their efficacy in reducing cravings and improving eating control tends to wane after prolonged use. Dr. Bikman highlights that education on healthy eating and resistance training is crucial for maintaining health outcomes, as reliance solely on medication can lead to unintended consequences, such as increased fat regain after discontinuation.

Ben concludes by stressing the importance of combining these drugs with a low-carb diet and resistance training to minimize muscle loss and optimize long-term outcomes. He encourages using the lowest effective dose and underscores the need for lifestyle changes to complement pharmacological interventions.

Show Notes/References:
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Timestamps:
00:01 - Introduction and Overview
02:16 - What is GLP-1?
03:15 - GLP-1's Role in Metabolism
05:08 - Appetite Regulation and Insulin Effects
07:05 - GLP-1 and Blood Sugar Management
08:10 - Introduction to GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
09:05 - Key GLP-1 Drugs and Brand Names
12:04 - Weight Loss Mechanisms of GLP-1 Drugs
14:06 - Mental Health Risks of GLP-1 Drugs
16:15 - Muscle Loss Concerns
18:24 - Fat Cell Differentiation and Regain Risk
20:07 - Long-Term Diminishing Effects
25:30 - Pancreatitis and Gallstones
29:11 - Closing Thoughts and Recommendations

Ben’s favorite yerba maté and fiber supplement: https://ufeelgreat.com/usa/en/c/1BA884
Ben’s favorite meal-replacement shake: https://gethlth.com (discount: BEN10)
Ben’s favorite electrolytes (and more): https://redmond.life (discount: BEN15)
Ben’s favorite allulose source: https://rxsugar.com (discount: BEN20)
Ben’s favorite health check-up for women: https://choosejoi.co/drben15 (discount: DRBEN15)
Ben’s favorite health check-up for men: https://blokes.co/drben15 (discount: DRBEN15)
Ben’s favorite exogenous ketone: https://www.americanketone.com (discount: Ben10)
Other products Ben likes: https://www.amazon.com/shop/benbikmanphd

Learn more about becoming an Insider on our website: https://www.benbikman.com