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BIOTOPE IN NATURE: This flooded peat swamp in the southwest of Danau Sentarum is shaped by seasonal blackwater floods from the Kapuas River, one of Borneo’s largest river systems. These floods enrich the habitat with organic matter and tannins, turning the water dark brown and highly acidic.
The substrate consists of soft peat moss mixed with a thick layer of decomposing leaf litter, while submerged plants are scarce due to low nutrients and minimal light penetration. Water is stagnant, with extremely low current and oxygen levels. Seasonal inundation isolates the area ecologically, creating temporary refuge for life adapted to darkness, acidity, and poor oxygen. Dense canopy cover filters most incoming light, casting the submerged forest into perpetual shadow and creating a uniquely dim, amber-toned underwater world. This biotope was chosen to replicate the unique conditions of this rarely explored flooded forest, reflecting both its biological extremity and visual beauty.
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