Grade 4 | Science | Unit 2 - Concept 2 - Lesson 3 - Types of Energy - potential and kinetic energy

Welcome dear students!
Forms of potential energy
1. Gravitational potential energy
• The Earth attracts objects to its surface by a force called gravitational force (gravity).
• When an object is raised up against the Earth's gravity, this object stores gravitational potential energy.
Example:
The roller coaster at the top of a hill stores gravitational potential energy.
2. Chemical potential energy
Example:
• The batteries store chemical potential energy.
• The chemical potential energy stored in the battery is not used until this battery is connected to a device.
Note
When a spring is compressed, it stores potential energy inside it.
Factors affecting potential energy of an object:
1. Mass
By increasing the mass, the potential energy increases.
Example:
Ball 1 that has a mass of 500 grams has a greater potential energy than ball 2 that has a mass of 40 grams.
2. Height
By increasing the height from the Earth's surface, the potential energy increases.
Example:
Ball 1 at a height of 1 meter has a greater potential energy than ball 2 at a height of 1/2 meter.
Forms of Kinetic Energy
1. Sound energy
• As: Movement of sound waves in the air.
2. Light energy
• As: Movement of light waves in the air.
3. Electrical energy
• As: Movement of electricity through wires.
4. Thermal energy
• As: Vibration of particles in a substance during heating.
Changing of potential energy into kinetic energy:
Example 1 :
• A child at the top of a playground slide has potential energy.
• When the child moves down along the slide, the potential energy changes into kinetic energy.
Example 2 :
• The egg has potential energy when it is in the boy's hand.
• The egg has kinetic energy as it falls down.
Types of Energy
Energy can be:
1. Transferred
• Definition: Energy is transferred from one place to another.
• Example: When you kick a ball, kinetic energy of your leg is transferred to the ball.
2. Transformed (changed)
• Definition: Energy is continuously changing and transforming from one form into another form.
• Example: When the roller coaster goes down the hill, its potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
Some Changes of Potential Energy into Kinetic Energy
Flashlight
• From: Chemical energy stored in batteries.
• Into: Light energy and thermal energy (heat).
Gas Oven
• From: Chemical energy stored in natural gas.
• Into: Thermal energy.
Spring-powered Car Toy
• From: Potential energy stored in the spring wire.
• Into: Kinetic energy and sound energy.
Real Car
• From: Chemical energy stored in gasoline.
• Into: Kinetic energy, sound energy, and thermal energy.

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Mr. Raouf Ashraf