Introduction to biological molecules |Class 11th| chapter| Biological Molecules |
Автор: BioChem Wala
Загружено: 2025-05-29
Просмотров: 6299
Introduction to Biological Molecules
Biological molecules are organic compounds that play essential roles in the structure and functioning of living organisms. They are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and other elements like nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus. These molecules are crucial for processes such as energy production, cell structure, and genetic information transmission.
There are four major categories of biological molecules:
Carbohydrates: Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, carbohydrates are the main source of quick energy for cells. Simple sugars like glucose provide immediate energy, while complex carbohydrates like starch and glycogen serve as energy reserves.
Proteins: Composed of amino acids, proteins are involved in nearly every cellular function. They act as enzymes (catalyzing biochemical reactions), structural components (e.g., collagen in skin), and transport molecules (e.g., hemoglobin for oxygen transport).
Lipids: Lipids include fats, oils, and phospholipids, which are mainly responsible for long-term energy storage, forming cell membranes, and acting as hormones. They are hydrophobic and insoluble in water.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA store and transmit genetic information. DNA carries the blueprint for life, while RNA helps in protein synthesis and gene regulation.
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